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实用英语语法
第二十五讲
状语从句 时间状语从句
状语从句我们知道副词，介词短语，非谓语动词可以做状语，状语修饰句子中的动词, 形容词, 副词等。
状语从句就是在复合句中做状语的从句。
状语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后。
引导状语从句的关联词我们称为从属连词。
常见的状语从句有表示时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,条件,让步,方式等。
状语从句应该是三大主从复合句中最容易的了，因为它和汉语没有什么区别。
但状语从句有一个难点，那就是一些表达相同意思的从属连词之间的区别。
1. 时间状语从句 while, when, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as, the moment/the minute等引导。
一...就 as soon as, once, the moment, the minutehardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than
I"ll call you as soon as I arrive.
我一到那儿就给你打电话。
The moment/minute he saw his mother, the child ran over to her.
一见到母亲，孩子就向她跑去。
Once they saw the car coming, the birds flew away from the road.
一看到汽车来了，鸟儿就飞走了。
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than要用倒装句：
No sooner had I arrived at the station than the train came.
我一到车站火车就来了。
Scarcely had she finished reading when she fell asleep.
她刚看完书就睡着了。
Hardly had I arrived home when my phone rang.
我刚到家，电话就响了。
自从... since 主句谓语一般要用完成时
There have been many changes in my hometown since I left.
我离开后家乡发生了许多变化。
It has been/is a long time since we last met each other.
我们上次见面已经过了很久了。
当...时候 when, while, as
When the bell rang,we were all in the classroom.
当铃声响起时，我们都在教室里了。
When/while/as we were walking through the forest it started to rain.
当我们穿过森林时，开始下雨了。
As the economy develops, more goods are produced.
随着经济的发展，更多的商品被生产出来。
You"re welcomed whenever you come.
= You"re welcomed no matter when you come.
无论何时来，你都会受到欢迎。
请注意while, when, as 有时完全可以互换着用；但也要注意区别：
关键一点还是与谓语动词有关！！！
从句谓语是延续性动词，往往as, when, while都可以用：
When/while/as I was driving down the street, I saw my workmate Jim.
当我开车路过时，看见了我的同事吉姆。
The doorbell rang as/when/while I was sleeping.
我睡觉时门铃响了。
As/While/When I was at home, the delivery man came.
我在家的时候，快递小哥来了。
但是如果主从句都是进行时，我们习惯用while:
While she was washing the dishes, he was watching TV.
她洗碗时，他正在看电视。
They were playing on the playground while I was doing my homework.
我做作业时，他们正在操场上玩。
从句谓语是短暂性动词，可以用as, when, 不能用while：
When/As she arrived, she received a walm welcome from the students.
当她到校时，受到了学生们的欢迎。
另外：
两件事同时发生，可能有因果关系，用as
As you eat more, you will gain more weight.
你吃得越多，体重也会增加。
As you study more, you will get better grades.
学的越多，你就会得到更好的成绩。
从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as：As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。 Do you believe that people grow wiser as they grow older?
你相信人们随着年龄的增长而更聪明吗？
从句是一段时间，只能用when:
When he was ten, he was sent to a boarding school.
他十岁时被送到一所寄宿学校。
Her parents died because of illness when she was a little girl.
她小时候父母就因病去世了。
在... 之前before； 在...之后 after
Many animals and insects are active after the sun goes down.
太阳落山后，许多动物和昆虫都很活跃。
Before we go home, we have to finish our work.
在我们回家之前，我们必须完成我们的工作。
Before he became a teacher, he had studied in the university for four year.
在成为一名教师之前，他在大学学习了四年。
直到...才；直到…时 until/till
用until时，主句谓语动词很重要！
延续性动词，句子是肯定句，until是“直到…时”的意思；
短暂性动词，句子要用否定句，not ... until 为“直到…才”的意思。
She did not come until the film was half over.
电影放了一半她才来。
he won"t be back until his holiday is over.
假期结束他才会回来。
You must keep practicing the song until you get it right.
你必须一直练这首歌直到你把它唱好。
He slept until it was lunch time.
他一直睡到午饭时间。
He didn"t fall asleep until it"s one o"clock in the morning.
他直到凌晨一点才睡着。
否定句时，我们可以把not 放在until状语前。一般not until用在句首，而否定状语在句首，英语里要用倒装句结构：
Not until she returned to London did I see her again.
直到她回到伦敦，我才再次见到她。
Not until the alarm went off did I wake up.
直到闹钟响了我才醒来。
not until 状语还经常在强调句型It"s ... that... 中被强调：
It"s Not until she returned to London that I saw her again.
It"s not until one o"clock in the morning that he fell asleep.
till现在用的比较少，我们会用until就可以了，如果一定要对它们进行区别的话，请记住一点： till一般不用在句首。
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