在初中英语学习的过程中,非谓语动词是语法学习的一个拦路虎,很多同学初中三年快过完了一直也没整明白非谓语动词是什么。今天主要跟大家分享下初中英语中关于非谓语动词的五大考点。(每天都会为大家分享初中英语学习过程中的干货内容,可关注我哦~)
非谓语动词又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
考点一 动词不定式
1. 动词不定式的基本形式
(1) 肯定式:to + 动词原形,如 to study
(2) 否定式:not to + 动词原形,如 not to cry
2. 动词不定式的用法
(1) 作主语
①不定式作主语往往使用形式主语it代替,然后将不定式置于句尾,常用的句式有It + be + adj +(for/of sb)+ to do sth.
②不定式作主语,谓语动词用单数。
It"s not easy to learn French well.
= To learn French well is not easy.
(2) 作表语
不定式作表语表示主语的职业、职责或性质等。
Our job is to feed the sheep on the farm.
(3) 作宾语
常用不定式作宾语的动词有decide,want,hope,ask,choose,agree,begin,start,refuse,expect,offer,afford,plan,need,try,forget,remember等。
I plan to visit Mount Tai.
(4) 作宾补
动词不定式作宾补时,常用于及物动词 + sb + to do sth 句型中。
常见的用带to的动词不定式短语作宾补的动词有force,teach,tell,help,ask,invite,wish,want,warn,allow,advise,order,encourage等。
His mother warns him not to play computer games.
I wish my son to go to a good college.
(5) 作定语
①不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词后。
②如果动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词,切记不能忘记介词。
I have a small room to live in.
Do you have a pen to write with?
(6) 作状语
不定式作状语往往表示目的、原因、结果等。
I"m sorry to trouble you.(表原因)
He returned home to fetch his homework.(表目的)
He runs too fast for me to catch up with.(表结果)
考点二 省略to的动词不定式
1. 使役动词let,make,have,和感官动词watch,see,notice,look at,listen to,hear,feel等后接动词不定式短语作宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to要省略,构成“vt sb to do sth”句型。但是变被动语态时,必须加上to。
He noticed his son enter the net bar.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night by the boss.
2. would you please...,had better...,why(not)...,would rather...等结构后,不定式不带to。
You had better not smoke here.
I would rather stay at home than see the film today.
3. 动词help之后的不定式作宾补时,to可以省略,但当主语是表示物的名词或主语不能发出不定式的动作时,需要带to。
let"s help him(to)mend the bike.
Your perfect spoken English can help to find a good job.(to不能省)
4. 两个并列带to的不定式由and或or连接时,第二个不定式符号要省略。
She has learned to read and write.
5. 单独使用to的不定式。为了避免与前面的已出现的动词重复,可以用to来代替不定式结构。
——Will you join us in a walk?
——I’ll be glad to.
考点三 疑问词+动词不定式
动词不定式可以用在疑问词what,how,when,where,which,等之后,作主语,宾语,宾语补足语等。这个知识点之前有发文详细讲解过,大家可查找之前的发文《初中必学!3分钟带你弄懂英语高频考点-特殊疑问词+动词不定式》进行仔细学习。
I don"t know where to go.
I can"t decide which one to buy.
考点四 动词后跟to do与doing的区别
1. stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth停止正在做的事情
2. allow doing sth允许做某事
allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事
3. go on to do sth做完一件事,继续做另一件事
go on doing sth继续做同一件事
4. remember to do sth记得要做某事(事还未做)
remember doing sth记得做过某事(事已做)
5. forget to do sth忘记做某事(动作未发生)
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(动作已发生)
6. try to do sth努力去做某事
try doing sth试着去做某事
考点五 后跟动名词作宾语的动词
有的动词后必须用动名词作宾语,而不能跟不定式,这类词有avoid,keep,mind,finish,enjoy,practice,consider,miss,risk,escape等。
When I reached the farm,the children had finished picking the apples.
以上内容很容易理解,但是需要同学们认真识背,英语只要你多背并消化使用提高成绩不是难事。如有问题欢迎留言,也可收藏分享。欢迎关注~