English Grammar: The Passive Voice 英语语法:被动语态
Passive Voice is a structure we use in English where the subject becomes the object. 被动语态是我们在英语中使用的一种结构，主语变成宾语。
Reasons for using the Passive Voice使用被动语态的原因
1. Passive voice is used when the agent (doer of an action) is obvious, unknown, or unnecessary. 被动语态是在行为主体(行为主体)是明显的、未知的或不必要的情况下使用的。
a. Oranges are grown in California. 橘子生长在加利福尼亚。
b. Toyotas are made in Japan. 丰田汽车是日本制造的。
c. Her purse was stolen. 她的钱包被偷了。
2. Passive voice is used when the agent is known, but the speaker/writer does not want to mention it. 被动语态是在主体已知的情况下使用的，但是说话人/作者不想提及它。
a. She was given bad advice. 她得到了不好的建议。
b. A mistake has been made. 犯了一个错误。
3. Passive voice is often used when the agent is very general such as people or somebody.
a. English is spoken here. 这里讲英语。
b. The door should be locked at all times. 门应该一直锁着。
4. Passive voice is used when the speaker/writer wants to emphasize a result or emphasize the receiver of the action instead of the performer. 被动语态用于说话人/作者想强调结果或强调动作的接受者而不是表演者。
a. Seven thousand people were killed by the earthquake 七千人在地震中丧生
·The earthquake killed 7,000 people. 地震造成7000人死亡。
b. The professor was hit by three snowballs. 教授被三个雪球击中了。
·Three snowballs hit the professor. 三个雪球击中了教授。
Using the Passive Voice with Different Tenses 使用不同时态的被动语态
Passive Voice Rules 被动语音规则
In the passive voice, third form of the verb is used. 在被动语态中，使用动词的第三种形式。Take care of singular and plural nature of nouns or pronouns. Verb/helping verb requires to be adjusted accordingly. 注意名词或代词的单复数性质。动词/助动词需要相应地调整。Interrogative sentences beginning with ‘wh’ words like what, why, when etc. the question word is retained in the beginning of the sentence. An interrogative sentence in the active voice remains an interrogative in the passive form. 疑问句以wh开头，如what, why, when等。疑问句保留在句首。主动语态的疑问句仍然是被动语态的疑问句。An imperative sentence is a sentence showing order, or request. So, accordingly, in the passive voice, we say: You are requested/ordered/advised + infinitive with ‘to’. 祈使句是表示命令或请求的句子。因此，在被动语态中，我们可以说:You are asked /ordered/advise +不定式with " to "。Sentences involving order/advice are preferably changed into passive by using the word ‘let’ or ‘should’. Please close the door. You are requested to close the door. Save your soul. Your soul should be saved. Let your soul be saved. Do it. Let it be done. It should be done. 涉及命令/建议的句子最好用“let”或“should”这个词变成被动语态。请把门关上。请您把门关上。拯救你的灵魂。你的灵魂应该被拯救。让你的灵魂得救。这样做。让它去吧。这是应该做的。In some sentence the subject is understood type. Here the subject has to be supplied according to the context while changing them into active form. The thief was arrested. (by the police.) 在某些句子中，主语是可理解的类型。在这里，主题必须根据上下文提供，同时将它们转换为活动形式。小偷被捕了。(警察)。Preposition attached with the verbs in the active form continue to be attached with them even in the passive form. Please listen to him. You are requested to listen to him. He turned down my proposal. My proposal was tuned down by him.k 介词连在主动语态的动词后，即使是被动语态也要继续连在动词后。请听他说。请你听他说。他拒绝了我的建议。我的建议被他拒绝了In the case of a verb having two objects in Active Voice, either of them can be retained in the passive. Hari gave me an apple. I was given an apple by Hari. An apple was given to me by Hari. 动词在主动语态中有两个宾语时，它们中的任何一个都可以保留在被动语态中。哈里给了我一个苹果。 我被哈里i给了一个苹果。 哈里给了我一个苹果。 Intransitive verbs do not have passive forms. I go to school. Go is intransitive verb. So no passive form. 不及物动词没有被动语态。我上学。Go是不及物动词。所以没有被动语态。What is done, cannot be undone. What people do, they cannot undo. 覆水难收。人们所做的，他们无法撤销。Quasi Passive Verbs: The rose smells sweet. The rose is sweet when smelt. Quinine tastes bitter. Quinine is bitter when tasted. Lemons taste sour. Lemons are sour when tasted. 准被动动词:玫瑰闻起来很香。玫瑰花闻起来很甜。奎宁味道苦涩。奎宁尝起来是苦的。柠檬的味道是酸的。柠檬尝起来是酸的。With some verbs, preposition ‘by’ is not used. Like know (to), surprise (at), annoy (with), contain (in), vex (with), please (with), displease (at), alarm (at), line (with), throng (with). 有些动词不使用介词by。例如:know (to)， surprise (at)， angry (with)， contain (in)， vex (with)， please (with)， angry (at)， alarm (at)， line (with)， throng (with)。
