黑子学英语，干货分享，从什么时候开始都不晚！
今天分享#高考英语#托福雅思精选100句中第二十二句的分析，重点为宾语从句。文章末尾已经附上宾语从句用法的思维导图，如果有需要可编辑的原文件的小伙伴，可以留言。
The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.一个国家的主要食物是什么，大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。
句型结构：本例句是一个含有介词宾语从句的主从复合句，主语为foods, eaten in any country为过去分词短语作定语修饰foods，depend on是固定词组作谓语，what grows best in its climate and soil是what引导的宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。
过去分词短语作定语，相当于是一个被动语态的定语从句，that are eaten in any country
知识点：宾语从句在整个句子中是起宾语的作用，它是一种名词性从句。
要分析宾语从句，必须要弄清楚它的三个要素：引导词，时态和语序
第一个要素：引导词
引导宾语从句的连接词有从属连词（that, if, whether）、连接代词（who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever）、连接副词（when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however）
当从句为陈述句时，一般用从属连词that引导，that通常可省略。
【例】Tom told that he would go to Shanghai next week.
但是当遇到以下几种情况时，that不能省略：
1．当that作hold, mean, state, learn, wonder, explain, suggest, agree, prove, feel等动词的宾语时，that不能省略；2. 当一个动词有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，这时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略; 3. 当宾语从句中的主语是this, that或者this, that在句中做主语的定语时;
4. 当主语的谓语动词及非谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时;5. 当宾语从句比较长时也不能省略that; 6. 当主语的状语在主句的句尾，在宾语从句之前时; 7. 当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时; 8. 当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句的时候，that不能省略; 9. 当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时; 10. 当宾语从句里有it做它的先行词时; 11. 在直接引语中，宾语从句被转述分句隔开时.
当从句为一般疑问句时，通常用从属连词if，whether引导。
【例】Tom does not know if there will be a bus any more.
【例】Nobody knew whether Tom could complete the project.
注意，同表“是否”的if, whether在引导宾语从句时的用法并不是完全一样的，它们的区别如下;区别一，if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know, ask, care, wonder, find out等之后,介词后一般不用if 区别二，有少部分动词（如leave, put, discuss, doubt）后的宾语从句一般用whether. 区别三，whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 区别四，在不定式前只能用whether，也就是说whether可以引导不定式，if不可以 【例】Tom cannot decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 区别五，在避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
区别六，宾语从句放在句首时，只能用whether引导。
【例】Whether it is true or not, I cannot tell
区别七，whether与它所引导的成分可放在介词之后作介词的宾语
当从句为特殊疑问句的时候，通常用what, when, where, which, who, whose, whom, how等疑问代词与副词作引导词。
【例】Tom did not tell me when we should meet again.
其中what, whom有时还可以表陈述。
【例】I don’t know whom you should depend on.注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他
第二，宾语从句的时态当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响. 当主句为过去时的时候，从句也要用过去时，具体有以下三种情况：
1．如果从句与主句的谓语动词的动词同时发生，从句要用一般过去时或者过去进行时。【例】I only knew Tom was working in a western city, but I did not know what city he was in.
2．如果从句的动作发生在主句的谓语动词之前，从句要用过去完成时
【例】Tom told me that he had told Ada about the meeting already.
3.如果从句的谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之后，从句要用过去将来时
【例】The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. 注意，当从句是表客观真理或描述客观事实时，从句要用一般现在时，它的时态不再随着主句的时态变化【例】They said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
第三，宾语从句的语序
当宾语从句的引导词是who, which, what, when, where, how, why等表疑问的连接词时,从句的语序就要改变，要将引导词放在句首
【例】Who do you think the students might choose as their favorite teacher this year?
宾语从句的分类：宾语从句一般分为动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句、形容词的宾语从句三种。
第一，动词的宾语从句：
大部分的动词都可带宾语从句，有一部分“动词+副词”结构以及动词短语也可以带宾语从句。常接宾语从句的动词短语有make sure(确保), keep in mind（牢记）, make up one’s mind（下决心）
【例】Tom told us that he would help me though the whole project. that引导的宾语从句作动词told的宾语【例】Tom have found out that all the tickets have been sold out. “动词+副词”found out后接that引导的宾语从句。 【例】Make sure that there are no mistakes in your report before you submit it. That引导的从句作make sure的宾语
在以下几种情况下，宾语从句可以用it来作形式宾语当动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语，然后将that引导的宾语从句后置. 【例】I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
当动词hate, take , owe, have, see to带宾语从句时要在宾语与从句前加it【例】I will have it that Tom’s schedule is good. 注意，当宾语从句是用what或其他wh-类引导的,则不可用it代替 【例】I consider what you said to be believable.
第二，介词的宾语从句
可用wh-类引导词及that, if引导介词宾语从句
【例】We are talking about whether we admit children into our club.有时候except, but, besides三个介词后也可接that引导的宾语从句 【例】I know nothing about Tom except that he used to work with a company.第三，形容词的宾语从句
经常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised【例】I am glad that Tom came to see me when I was ill.
宾语从句的否定转移及反意疑问句
当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称，时态为一般现在时的时候,从句的否定词要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.【例】I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.【例】We find that Tom never listens to me carefully, does he?
【例】I do not believe Tom has completed his project yest, has he?
注意：当主句的谓语动词是表建议（suggest, advise）,表要求（demand, desire, require, request, propose）,表决定（decide）,表命令（order, command），表坚持（insist）等的词后面跟宾语从句时，要用虚拟语气，其结构是（should）+动词原形
【例】Tom suggested that I (should) work hard.
