很多学生学习英语的时候总是在阅读部分丢了很多分，而且平常单词也背了不少，但一到英语考试阅读部分还是不可避免地错了很多题，那么到底是什么原因呢？
究其最主的原因是因为他们没有掌握如何提高自己英语阅读能力的技巧，那么提高英语阅读能力都有哪些技巧呢？
首先，我们应该提高我们对阅读的泛读能力。
一、扣标题、抓首尾
泛读时，应该纵览全文，对于标题、图片、段首句和尾句给予充分的重视。这样才能抓住文章的主旨大意。我们以下文为例：
Ocean coral disappearing
Thirty years ago, if you looked down from a plane at the east coast of Australia, you would be greeted by the breathtaking beauty of the Great Barrier Reef, the world"s largest coral reef. It spread for over 2,600 kilometers in the blue sea, containing a lot of corals and small islands. It was listed as a UNESCO world heritage site in 1981.
However, this natural wonder of the world is being taken away from us. Coral cover in the Great Barrier Reef has dropped by more than half over the last 27 years, The Guardian reported. “If the trend continues, coral cover could halve again by 2022,” said Peter Doherty, researcher at the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). So unless we start acting now, there won’t be any “heritage” left in the future.
Coral reefs are an important part of the ocean. They are food for some fish, and act as protection for other young fish. But in the past 30 years they have been under threat around the world mainly from increased storms, a growing number of crown-of-thorns starfish and coral bleaching.
Storm damage caused nearly half of the coral losses. In the past seven years, the reef has been visited by six major storms, each leaving a trail of destruction
The crown-of-thorns starfish is also causing problems. Scientists believe that run-offs (支流) containing a large amount of fertilizers have caused the population increase of this coral-eating animal. Outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish usually start two or three years after major floods in northern rivers.
Coral bleaching accounts for about 10 percent of coral damage. It is usually due to ocean acidification (酸化) and rising temperatures because seawater takes in more carbon dioxide from the air. This disrupts the corals’ ability to grow.
The good news is that corals can recover if given the chance. But this is slow. And the future of the ocean’s coral is largely in human hands.
“We can’t stop the storms... But we can achieve better water quality, we can deal with the challenge of crown-of-thorns starfish,” says John Gunn, CEO of AIMS. “However, its future also lies with the global response to reducing carbon dioxide emissions.”
通过标题和插图，我们首先能够了解到本文是说明性的体裁，并且文章写的内容是关于海洋珊瑚正在消失这一现象。然后通过阅读段首句和尾句，就能清晰地知道文章的结构和说明的主要问题了。
二、看整体，弃细节。
泛读的目的就在于快速地通读全文，了解文章的主要内容和中心思想。文章是由语句所组成的，而语句之间有着紧密的逻辑关系，因此在泛读时遇到个别不认识的单词时，应该通过前后文的语境和文章的段落层次以及语法结构来理解单词，个别单词如果不影响理解全文主旨的话，就应该跳过。不要纠结于个别单词的理解。例如上面所例举的文章有这样一段：
请看以下文段：思考“major”一词是否影响你对文章的理解。
The crown-of-thorns starfish is also causing problems. Scientists believe that run-offs (支流) containing a large amount of fertilizers have caused the population increase of this coral-eating animal. Outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish usually start two or three years after majorfloods in northern rivers
三、限时读，求准确。
在泛读过程中，强调的是速度。因此，在泛读中，我们应该适当的“限时”。但是限时阅读的前提下，还应该保证阅读的质量。在泛读中，快速定位关键句，可以适当地将其用笔划出，做好要点的摘录，也可以将前后文所收集到的信息构成文字图案，这样大脑回忆会更为方便。比如下面一篇文章，你是否能够迅速阅读，并且抓住文章主要内容呢？
Do you know why different animals or insects have their special colors? Colors are used mainly to protect themselves. Why can"t some birds easily catch locusts(蝗虫)? It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But as autumn comes, locusts change to the same brown colors as crops have. Some other insects with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives in the day and appear only at night
If you study the animal life, you"ll find the main use of colors is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals can"t be easily seen by hunters. This is because they have the colors much like the trees.
Have you ever noticed an even more strange thing? A kind of fish in the sea can send out black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over (散开) , its enemies can"t find it. And it quickly swims away. So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all.
四、品语言，赏文意
泛读的另一个重要目的就是在广泛涉猎的同时，品味不同体裁的文章的语言形式，体会相同词语在不同语境中的微妙变化，有利于提升英语的语感和综合能力。因此，我们对于经常出现的词，在不同文章中的不同运用方式应当加以注意。
同时，通过泛读，可以大量接触到文章，而每篇文章所要表达的主题内容又不尽相同。因此，在泛读的过程中，应当关注文意，进行分类积累，吸收各个方面的知识，充实自己的思维和想法。比如下面两种文体的文字，你读完后有什么感受呢？
（一）
The White House recently published the tax returns (纳税申报单)of Obama and Vice –president Joe Biden. Tax returns are reports of tax that a person has to pay. They often include income information used to calculate the tax. In the US, people whose incomes are over a certain amount have to file tax returns(纳税申报)every year. The tax returns of government officials are open to the public. This transparency helps to prevent corruption(腐败)。
（二）
Family--there is nothing more important. They"re the ones who show up when we"re in trouble, the ones who push us to succeed, the ones who help keep our secrets .But what of those who have no family to rely on? What happens to those poor souls...who have no loved ones to help them in their hour of need? Well....most learn to walk life"s road by themselves, But a sad few of us...simply...stop trying .
其次，我们要提高我们对英语阅读的精读能力。
如何提高我们的精度能力呢？主要做到以下三点：
（1）坚持泛读与精读相结合
（2）词、句、文层层理解
（3）积累升华，化为己用
一、泛读与精读相结合
由于我们的时间有限，而文章的精读又是一项需要我们花费时间进行学习的任务，因此将泛读和精读相结合，不失为一条上策。在泛读的基础上，找到自己想要深入理解的文章或篇段进行精读训练。这样选材不会枯燥，并且在了解了文章大意的情况下，也能够有助于对篇章的精读训练。
对于低年级的初中生而言，每周2-3篇的课外精读，对于高年级的初中生来说，学习压力会比较大，因此建议每周1-2篇的精读。任何一种学习都贵在坚持，阅读学习更是如此。因此，我们在选材上一定要适合自己的英语程度，并且是自己感兴趣的话题。
二、词、句、文层层理解。
在精读时，首先要注意对词语的理解。在理解词义时，可以先通过上下文的语境，猜测词语的大致意思，然后再查阅字典，找出词语的正确解释。
当然，对于词语的理解，我们还要回归原文，看看这个词语是否在文章有特定的含义。切不可只看字典上的中文解释，而忽略了在语境中体会词义。
比如：我们来看一看这样一句话：In fact, all living things need sleep. Having a sound and good rest makes us healthy. It is believed that our brain develops best during sleep. 这句话中sound是不是声音的意思呢？
最后，在理解单词时，还是要举一反三。下面的几个句子中的sound又是什么意思呢？你来试一试：
在精读时，对于语句的结构分析十分重要。我们应该结合语法知识，根据上下文的语境，理解句意，理解这句话在篇章中的作用。
Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind, called psychologists, are starting to believe the fact.
对于上面这样一句长句，你会怎么样划分句子成分呢？
除此之外，我们在精读时，还要学习英语的表达方式。我们可以试着体会一下同样的意思，但是不同的表达方式产生的不同效果：
中文语意：青年学生很需要个人空间。
Young students need their personal space very much.
There is a great need for personal space among young students.
中文语意：我们都应该意识到吃不同的蔬菜很重要。
We all should realize that it is important to eat a variety of vegetables.
The importance of eating a variety of vegetables should be realized.
文段的理解也是必不可少的。在理解文段时，我们需要更注意的是文段之间的逻辑关系、作者表达的主要内容以及理解作者是如何表达的。
比如记叙文，作者用了什么写作手法？表达了什么思想感情？又如议论文，作者的观点是什么？每段之间的逻辑关系是什么？作者用了什么事实或理论论据？我们都要做到了然于胸。
三、积累升华，化为己用
为了更好的理解文章的词、句和文，我们可以适当的进行积累，也方便日后的运用。积累的过程其实是帮助自己对文章的再一次深刻理解。学生可以根据自己的需要，从词，句，段，文各个角度进行积累。
总之，我们如果提高了自己英语阅读的泛读和精读能力，并持之以恒地积累单词和词组和课外知识，我们的阅读能力会越来越好的！
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如何培养学生学习英语的兴趣，以及掌握学习英语的小技巧？
