一个句子由若干部分构成,把握好构成句子的各个部分,能够帮助我们更好地掌握所学的句子。本文从句子成分出发,通过分析句子的结构,帮助学生熟练地、准确地掌握Unit10所学的句型。
在这一单元里,谈论了“order food”,要用到一个很重要的表达“would like”。关于would like,首先要懂得它是由助动词would+动词原形like构成的,所以由would like构成的句子的否定句只需在would后面加上not即可,如I wouldn’t like anything to eat,而一般疑问句只需把would提到句首,如Would you like something to drink?
其次,要知道would like后面可接什么。
would like后面可接1)名词、名词短语或代词作宾语;
2)不定式或不定式短语作宾语,但不能接动名词或动名词短语作
宾语;
3)宾语sb.+不定式或不定式短语作宾补
1.He ‘d like some beef noodles.(主语+谓语+宾语,宾语是名词短语)
2.I would like to join you.(主语+谓语+宾语,宾语是不定式短语)
3.I would likeher to go with me.(主语+谓语+宾语+宾补,不定式短语to go with me作宾补)
4.Would you like somethingto eat?(主语+谓语+宾语,宾语是代词something,后面的不定式to eat作后置定语)
5.What kind of noodleswould you like?(主语+谓语+宾语,宾语是疑问词部分what kind of noodles)
6.What size bowl of noodleswould he like?(主语+谓语+宾语,宾语是疑问词部分what size bowl of noodles)
再次,要把would like与want和feel like进行比较。三者都有“想要”的意思,但后面所接的有所不同,构成否定句、疑问句的方法也不同。want后面所接的与would like相同,但构成否定句时要借助助动词don’t/doesn’t/didn’t,构成疑问句要借助助动词do/does/did开头。
1.She doesn’t want to have a partyfor her birthday.
2.Do you wantme to bring any water for you?
feel like 里面的feel是连系动词,like是介词,所接的是能作介词宾语的名词、代词、动名词,整个介词短语作表语,构成的句子是一个系表结构,如果要构成否定句、疑问句时也要借助助动词don’t/doesn’t/didn’t和do/does/did。
1.I don’t feel like eating anything.
2.Does he feel likejoining us?
学习这一单元时,除了很好掌握would like 的用法外,还应注意餐厅里三“单”(菜单、定单、账单)的表达:
1.Can you showme the menu?=Can you show the menu to me?你能把菜单给我看一下吗?
(主语+谓语+双宾语)
2.May I have /take a look at themenu?我可以看一下菜单吗?(主语+谓语+宾语,宾语是a look at the menu)
3.May/Can/Could I have/take your order?可以点菜了吗?(主语+谓语+宾语,宾语是your order)
4.May/Can/Could I get/have/pay the billnow?可以结账了吗?(主语+谓语+宾语,宾语是the bill)
另外,在谈论食物种类时,涉及到前置定语和后置定语问题。我们来看看:
1.beef noodles/tomato noodles/vegetable noodles/mutton noodles/chicken noodles/tomato and egg soup/beef soup/birthday cake,本单元中出现的所有这些短语,都是:单数名词(作定语,表示种类)+名词构成的,类似地还有:boy students/girl students/basketball players/shoe shops等,注意作定语用的名词表示种类,要用单数,不要用复数或名词所有格,如不能说tomatoes noodles也不能说tomato’s noodles。但是two men teachers/three women doctors/a sports meeting/a clothes shop就比较特殊,要特别注意!
2.one bowl of beef soup一碗牛肉汤、a large bowl of noodles一大碗面条,这是“量词”表达法:a/an或数词+名词(相当于汉语中的“量词”)+of+名词,名词前面的a/an或数词+名词+of可看作前置定语。
类似地还有a box of pens(一盒钢笔),two bags of rice(两袋大米),three baskets of apples(三篮苹果),four cups of tea(四杯茶),five glasses of water(五杯水),six plates of meat(六盘肉),seven bottles of milk(七瓶牛奶),eight pieces of bread(八块面包),nine pairs of socks(九双袜子),ten kilos of potatoes(十公斤马铃薯),注意of前的名词的数取决于前面的数量,小于或等于1时用单数,大于1时用复数,而of后面的名词要判断是可数名词还是不可数名词。
3.some mapo tofu with rice(一些带米饭的麻婆豆腐),beef noodles with carrots(带有胡萝卜的牛肉面条),the child with the candy(拿有糖果的小孩),注意介词with表示伴随的“有”,常作后置定语,又如:
The girl with two big eyesis from the USA.
The soup with beef and vegetablestastes delicious.
对比:The girl hastwo big eyes.和There is beef and vegetables in the soup.
这就涉及到三种“有”的表达,要加以区分,在本单元的学习中可进一步复习巩固。
上面从句子结构出发,归纳剖析了本单元的重要句型、短语,帮助学生深刻认识所学知识点,并通过比较易混点,提升准确运用所学知识点的能力。
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