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按照初中的了解,非谓语动词有三种形式:不定式(to do),动名词 / 现在分词(doing),过去分词(done)。非谓语动词在语法上除了不能做谓语,其他的句子成分都可以充当。那么,我们今天就来研究一下在高中阶段非谓语动词作宾补的情况。
宾补(宾语补足语),由于宾语表达意思不全,所以需要进行补充。因此,在分析句子的时候就要看句子所表达的意思是否完整。也可以按照句型来记忆:V + sb./ sth. +非谓语动词。我们按以下三种情况来学习记忆。
一、感官动词类:宾语和宾补构成主动关系就用do(省略to的不定式。下同) / doing; 宾语和宾补构成被动关系就用done / being done (PS:常见的感官动词:see, watch, observe, notice, listen, hear)
如:I heard her sing an English song just now.(宾语her与宾补sing是一个主动的关系,所以用do的形式,表示听的全过程)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by.(宾语her与宾补sing是一个主动的关系,所以用doing的形式,表示听的一瞬间)
当把宾语替换成English song会发生什么变化呢?思考一下,一起来看。
I heard an English song sung just now.(宾语her与宾补sing是一个被动的关系,所以用done的形式,表示听的全过程)
I heard an English song being sung when I passed by.(宾语her与宾补sing是一个被动的关系,所以用being done的形式,表示听的一瞬间)
二、使役动词
let. 当宾语和宾补构成主动关系就用do;宾语和宾补构成被动关系就用be done.如:Don"t let your children play with matches.(宾语children和宾补是一个主动的关系)Let the work be done immediately.(宾语work和宾补do是一个被动的关系)make. 当宾语和宾补构成主动关系就用do;宾语和宾补构成被动关系就用done(常接反身代词).如:I made the boy cry.(宾语boy和宾补cry是一个主动的关系)I can"t make myself understood.(宾语myself和understand是一个被动的关系)leave. 当宾语和宾补构成主动关系就用to do/ doing;宾语和宾补构成被动关系就用done / to be done. 如:It"s bad for you to leave the water running when you brush teeth.(宾语water和宾补run是一个主动的关系,用doing的形式来表示一直的状态)He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.(宾语me和宾补do是一个主动关系,用to do的形式来表示要去做,还没做)The guest left most of the dishes untouched.(宾语dish和宾补touch是一个被动的关系,用done的形式来表示停留的状态)We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settle.(宾语problem和宾补settle是一个被动的关系,用to be done的形式来表示要去做,还没做)have. 当宾语和宾补构成主动关系就用do/ doing;宾语和宾补构成被动关系就用done.如:The teacher had us make up conversations during classes.(宾语us和宾补make是一个主动关系)I can"t have you running up and down all day long.(宾语you和宾补run是一个主动关系,用doing的形式来表示一直的状态。在否定句中还可以当“容忍”讲)I"ll have my bike repaired tomorrow.(宾语bike和宾补repair是一个被动关系)get. 当宾语和宾补构成主动关系就用to do/ doing;宾语和宾补构成被动关系就用done.如:The teacher got the students to look up all the words they didn"t know.(宾语students和宾补look up是一个主动关系)After a rest, the officer got the soldiers moving to the front.(宾语soldiers和宾补move是一个主动关系,可以表示“开始行动起来”to do和doing的意思相差不大)I"ll get my hair cut tomorrow.(宾语hair和宾补cut是一个被动关系)
总结来说,可以按这几种句型来记忆
让某人做某事:let sb. do make sb. do
have sb. do
leave sb. to do
get sb. to do
2.让某人一直做某事:have sb. doing
get sb. doing
leave sb. doing
3.让某事被做:let sth. be done
make sth done
have sth done
get sth. done
leave sth. done/ to be done
三、固定搭配。常接不定式作宾补的动词
advise sb. to do
allow sb. to do
ask sb. to do
beg sb. to do
cause sb. to do
encourage sb. to do
expect sb. to do
forbid sb. to do
force sb. to do
intend sb. to do
invite sb. to do
order sb. to do
persuade sb. to do
require sb. to do
teach sb. to do
tell sb. to do
want sb. to do
warn sb. to do
wish sb. to do
think sb. to do
......
常记,达到眼熟口熟即可
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