友情提示：本文共有 11394 个字，阅读大概需要 23 分钟。
一、单词详解
poster /"pust(r)/ n. 海报
Her bedroom is hung with posters.
她卧室里挂着海报。
illegal /"liɡl/ adj. 不合法的；非法的
It’s illegal to drive through a red light.
开车闯红灯是违法行为。
hunt /hnt/ vt. & vi. 打猎；搜寻；追捕
I’ve hunted everywhere but I can’t find it.
我到处都找遍了，就是找不到。
Police are hunting an escaped criminal.
警方正在追捕逃犯。
immediately /"miditli/ adv. 立刻
I did not immediately realize how serious the situation was.
我没有立刻意识到事情有多严重。
species /"spiiz/ n. 物种
Pandas are an endangered species.
熊猫是濒危物种。
There are several thousand species of trees here. 这里有几千种树。
shark /ɑk/ n. 鲨鱼
The shark dived down and swam under the boat.
鲨鱼急速潜入水中，在船下游动。
on earth （放在疑问词之后表示强调）究竟；到底
Why on earth would he want to go to such a place?
他究竟为什么要去这样一个地方呢?
die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
We used to believe that capitalism would soon die out.
我们曾以为资本主义很快会消亡。
alarm /"lɑm/ vt. 使恐慌；使害怕；使担心
n. 恐慌；警报；警报器
I don’t want to alarm you, but there’s a strange man in your garden.
我并不想吓着你，不过有个陌生人在你的花园里。
He jumped up in alarm.
他惊慌地跳了起来。
He heard the alarm go off.
他听见警报响了。
rate /ret/ n. 速度；（比）率
vt. 划分等级
rating /"ret/ n. 等级；级别
At the rate you work, you’ll never finish.
按你这样的工作速度，你绝对做不完。
The European country with the highest birth rate is Ireland.
人口出生率最高的欧洲国家是爱尔兰。
Education has been given a high-priority rating by the new administration.
新一届政府将教育放在了高度优先的地位。
extinction /k"stkn/ n. 灭绝
We may live to see the extinction of the whale.
人类或许能亲眼见到鲸的灭绝。
mass /ms/ adj. 大量的，广泛的
n. 大量；堆；群
Ideas on combating mass unemployment are urgently needed.
急需对付大量失业的点子。
On his desk is a mass of books and papers.
他的书桌上有大堆的书籍和文件。
habitat /"hbtt/ n. （动植物的）生活环境；栖息地
This creature’s habitat is the jungle.
这种动物的栖息地是丛林。
aware /"we(r)/ adj. 知道；发觉；有……意识的
aware of 意识到；知道
She became aware that something was burning.她发觉有东西烧着了。
We became aware of danger approaching us.
我们意识到危险正向我们逼近。
average /"vrd/ n. 平均数；平均水平
adj. 平均的；正常的；普通的
on average 平均
The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6.
4、5、9三个数的平均数是6。
These marks are well above average.
这些分数远在平均水平之上。
The average age of the students is 19.
学生的平均年龄是19岁。
American shares rose, on average, by 38%.
美国股票价格平均上涨了38％。
make progress 取得进步
The medical community continues to make progress in the fight against cancer.
医学界在抗癌的斗争中不断取得进步。
We have made progress in controlling inflation.
我们在抑制通货膨胀方面取得了进展。
concern /kn"sn/ vt. 涉及；让……担忧
concerned about 对……关切的；为……担忧的
Don’t interfere in what doesn’t concern you.
不要去管与你无关的事情。
It concerns me that these people are not getting the support they need.
这些人没有得到他们所需要的救助，这让我担忧。
The police said they were very concerned about the boy’s safety.
警察说他们非常担心小男孩的安全。
living /"lv/ adj. 居住的；活的；在用的
n. 生活；生计
The spacious living quarters were on the second floor.
宽敞的生活区位于二楼。
It may not be the best job in the world, but it’s a living.
尽管这不是世界上最好的工作, 但不失为一个谋生之道。
adapt /"dpt/ vi. 适应
vt. 使适应；使适合
adapt to 适应
Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.
我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗的环境。
Jill has tried to adapt to local customs.
吉尔努力去适应当地的风俗习惯。
measure /"me(r)/ n. 措施；方法
vt. 测量；度量；估量
The authorities took measures to prevent tax fraud.
当局采取了措施防止偷税漏税。
Can you measure accurately with this ruler?
用这把尺子能量得准吗？
authority /"θrti/ n. 官方；当权；权威
The leader must be a person of authority.
领袖必须是有权威的人。
pressure /"pre(r)/ n. 压力；要求
under pressure 在压力下；承受压力
The pressure of the water caused the wall of the dam to crack.
水的压力使堤坝决口。
Can you work under pressure?
你能在压力下工作吗？
whale /wel/ n. 鲸
Whales are large mammals that live in the sea.
鲸是生活在海里的大型哺乳动物。
reserve /r"zv/ n. （动植物）保护区；储藏（量）
vt. 预订；预留；保留
Marine biologists are calling for Cardigan Bay to be created a marine nature reserve to protect the dolphins.
海洋生物学家号召将卡迪根湾建成一个海洋自然保护区，以保护那里的海豚。
I’ll reserve a table for five.
我要预订一张五个人的桌子。
plain /plen/ n. 平原
adj. 简单明了的；直率的；平凡的
Once there were 70 million buffalo on the plains.
大平原上曾有过7,000万头野牛。
He made it plain that we should leave.
他明确表示要我们离开。
make out 看清；听清；分清
I could just make out a tall, shadowy figure.
我只依稀看见一个高个的模糊身影。
observe /b"zv/ vt. 观察（到）；注视；遵守
The police observed a man enter the bank.
警察注意到一个男人走进了银行。
Do they observe Christmas Day in that country?
那个国家的人过圣诞节吗？
beauty /"bjut/ n. 美；美人；美好的东西
She was a famous beauty in her youth.
她年轻时是个有名的美人。
remind /r"mand/ vt. 提醒；使想起
remind sb of sb/sth 使某人想起（类似的人或物）
Do I have to remind you yet again?
需要我再次提醒你吗？
He reminds me of his brother.
他让我想起了他的哥哥。
shoot /ut/ vi. & vt. (shot, shot)射杀；射伤；发射
He shot an arrow from his bow.
他拉弓放了一箭。
profit /"prft/ n. 利润；利益
There’s no profit in running a cinema in this town.
这个镇上经营电影院是无利可图的。
watch over 保护；照管；监督
The guards were originally hired to watch over the houses as they were being built.
这些门卫最初是被雇来看护正在修建的房子的。
day and night 日日夜夜；夜以继日
Dozens of doctors and nurses have been working day and night for weeks.
很多医生和护士已经夜以继日地工作数星期了。
attack /"tk/ n., vi. & vt. 攻击；抨击
Our troops are now on the attack.
我们的部队正在进攻。
They decided to attack at night.
他们决定夜晚进攻。
recover /r"kv(r)/ vi. 恢复；康复 vt. 找回；寻回
He’s still recovering from his operation.
手术后，他仍在恢复之中。
The police recovered the stolen goods.
警方找到了失窃物品。
remove /r"muv/ vt. 去除；移开；脱去
He was removed from his position as chairman.
他被撤去主席的职务。
intend /n"tend/ vi. & vt. 打算；计划；想要
I don’t intend staying long.
我不打算长期逗留。
threat /θret/ n. 威胁
threaten /"θretn/ vt. 威胁；危及
Terrorism is a threat to the whole world.
恐怖主义对全世界是一个威胁。
My attacker threatened me with a gun.
攻击我的人用枪威胁我。
exist /g"zst/ vi. 存在；生存
The idea exists only in the minds of poets.
这种想法是诗人才有的。
We cannot exist without food or water.
没有食物或水我们就不能生存。
harmony /"hɑmn/ n. 和谐；融洽
The designer’s aim is to produce a harmony of shape and texture.
设计者的目标是要使外观与材料之间达成统一。
goods /ɡdz/ n. 商品；货物
Money can be exchanged for goods or services.
钱可以用来换取商品或服务。
creature /"krit(r)/ n. 生物；动物
The garden is surrounded by a hedge in which many small creatures can live.
花园四周是树篱，许多小动物可以在那里栖身。
deer /d(r)/ n. 鹿
The deer never became tame; they would run away if you approached them.
那些鹿一直没有被驯服；你一靠近，它们就跑开。
kangaroo /kɡ"ru/ n. 袋鼠
A kangaroo is a large Australian animal with a strong tail and back legs.
袋鼠是澳大利亚的一种大型动物，它的尾巴和后腿很强壮。
reduce /r"djus/ vt. 减少
This shirt was greatly reduced in the sale.
这种衬衣在大减价时降价很多。
due /dju/ adj. 由于；因为
due to 由于；因为
The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.
这个队的成功在很大程度上是她努力的结果。
insect /"nsekt/ n. 昆虫
The traveller’s face was covered with insect bites.
旅行者满脸都是被虫子叮咬的疙瘩。
net /net/ n. = Internet 网
adj. 净得的；纯的
The group had a net profit margin of 30% last year.
去年，这个集团的纯利润率为30%。
neighbourhood /"nebhd/ n. 临近的地方；街区
We grew up in the same neighbourhood.
我们是在同一条街上长大的。
Houses in the neighbourhood of Paris are extremely expensive.
巴黎附近一带的住房极其昂贵。
search for 搜索；查找
He who would search for pearls must dive below. 要想寻找珍珠，就要潜到水底去。
dolphin /"dlfn/ n. 海豚
He was so happy communing with the dolphin in Dingle Bay.
他在丁格尔湾与海豚交流的时候特别开心。
stir up 激起
The helicopter stirred up clouds of dust.
直升机激起一团团尘土。
We should be careful not to stir up extreme nationalism. 我们要小心，不要激起极端民族主义。
emotion /"mun/ n. 感情；情感；情绪
The decision was based on emotion rather than rational thought.
这个决定不是基于理性的思考而是基于感情作出的。
skin /skn/ n. 皮；皮肤
That was real crocodile skin.
那是真正的鳄鱼皮。
His skin is clear and smooth.
他的皮肤光洁平滑。
unusual /n"juul/ adj. 特别的；不寻常的
She has a very unusual name.
她的名字很特别。
It’s unusual for the trees to flower so early.
这种树这么早开花很不寻常。
二、语法讲解
1. Watching them move slowly across the green
grass, I’m struck by their beauty. 看到它们在草地上缓缓穿行，我被它们的美打动了。
watching them move … 这是一个省略了主语和谓语的状语从句。当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句可以省略主语，从句的谓语动词采用其V-ing结构。
例句：Walking alone in the park, I heard my name called.
独自走在公园里，我听到有人在叫我的名字。
2. On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals.
放眼平原，我们隐约看到一群体形优美的动物。
make out（勉强）看出；辨认出；听出
例句：They asked us to make out a shape on the page.
他们要求我们辨认出页面上的一个形状来。
Can you make out what they are saying?
你能听得清他们在说什么吗？
3. They are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur. 因其珍贵的羊毛，它们（藏羚羊）正遭受非法猎杀。
are being hunted为现在进行时的被动语态，表示“正在被猎杀”，其结构为am/is/are being done。
例句：Air tickets are being booked for the tourists. 为旅客们准备的机票正在订购中。
New houses are being built for the poor in this city.
这座城市给穷人居住的新房正在建造中。
4. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。since 因为，既然。这是since引导原因状语从句，一般放于主句之前，表示众所周知的、显然的原因或理由，语气比because引导的要弱一些。
例句：Since I will be on holiday with my family next weekend, I shall not be able to go shopping with you.
因为下周末我要陪家人度假，也就无法陪你去购物了。
5. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生动物和地球的威胁。
当only位于句首时，如果后面跟副词、介词短语或从句等状语，则要用部分倒装结构，也即谓语的一部分位于主语前：情态动词，助动词或be动词+主语+谓语剩余部分。例如：
Only by practising more can we learn English well. 只有多练习，我们才能学好英语。
注意：
①如果谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do、does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
例句：Only then did she realize her mistake.
只是在那时，她才意识到自己的错误。
②only所修饰的状语从句不倒装，主句部分倒装。
例句：Only when the project was completed was he able to get back home.
只有当工程完成时，他才能回家。
6. Herds of elephants used to live on the plain of Africa and in the forests of Asia.
成群的大象曾经生活在非洲大平原和亚洲的森林里。
used to … 表示过去的习惯性动作，过去如此，现在不这样了。常译作“过去常常”，后接动词原形。
used to … 的否定式为didn’t use to或usedn’t to。
例句：
He used to smoke, but now he doesn’t.
他过去总是吸烟，现在没有吸了。
There used to be an apple tree here。
这里曾有一棵苹果树。
区分：
①be used to do sth：被用来做某事。这是一个被动结构，主语往往为物，可用于各种时态，后接动词原形。
例句：The knife is used to cut things.
小刀是用来切东西的。
②be used to doing sth：习惯于做某事。也可以直接接名词，表示“习惯于”某一客观事实或状态，不强调动作。
例句：He is not used to eating fast food.
他不习惯吃快餐。
7. Should we put out bowls of food for them?
我们该给它们（野猫）准备几碗食物吗？
put out 把……摆好；预备好（物品）
put out 还有其他含义，如：①生气的；心烦的 ②熄灭 ③关闭（电灯等）④伸（手） ⑤给……带来麻烦
例句：Paul had put out his luggage for the bus.
保罗放好了行李准备搭乘公交车。
I did not blame him for feeling put out.
我不是因为生气而责备他。
例句：Firemen tried to free the injured and put out the blaze.
消防员们竭力救出伤者，扑灭大火。
He crossed to the nightstand and put out
the light. 他走到床头柜那里，把灯关掉。
He put out his hand to Alfred.
他把手伸向艾尔弗雷迪。
It’s a very sociable diet to follow because you don’t have to put anyone out.
这是一种非常大众化的食谱，因为你不会给任何人带来麻烦。
8. When it comes to wildlife protection, all species—the good, the bad, the ugly—should be treated equally. 说到野生动物保护，所有物种，无论好的、坏的还是丑陋的，都应该平等地看待。
when it comes to … 表示“一谈到”“就……而言”“涉及某事（或做某事）”， 后面接名词或动词的ing形式。when前面可以用逗号，整个跟在句子后面；也可作为分句直接位于句首。
例句：When it comes to fishing, Joey is an expert. 谈及钓鱼，乔伊是个专家。
9. Billions of trees are being cut down every year to make paper for humans.
每年数以亿计的树木正被砍伐，用于给人类造纸。
are being cut down为现在进行时的被动语态，表示“正在被砍伐”，指现阶段正在进行的被动的动作，可能说话时并不一定正在进行。
例句：The sports meeting is being held in our school. 我校正在举行运动会。
Another bridge is being built over the Yangtze River.
长江上正在修建另一座大桥。
10. In this way a lot of animal homes are being destroyed! 就这样，大量动物的家园正受到破坏！
in this way 这样；用这种方法；以这种方式
注意几个相似短语的区分：
in the way：妨碍的
on the way：在途中/在路上；即将发生
in a way：在某种程度上
in no way：决不
例句：In this way they can better apply theory
to practice. 这样他们就能更好地把理论运
用到实践中去。
11.现在进行时的被动语态
现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作或存在的状态。现在进行时的被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者，且强调该动作正在（被）进行。
一、现在进行时的被动语态的结构形式
二、现在进行时的被动语态的用法
①表示此时此刻正在进行的被动的动作。
例句：Andy is now being interviewed.
安迪正在面试。
②表示现阶段正在进行的被动的动作（该动作在说话的瞬间未必正在进行）。
例句：Many interesting experiments are being carried out nowadays.
如今许多有趣的实验正在被进行着。
③表示一种经常性的被动行为，常和always， constantly等表示频度的副词连用，往往带有赞扬或 厌恶的情绪色彩。
例句：She is always being praised by the teacher.
她总是受到老师的表扬。
④表示按计划或安排主语将要承受谓语动词所示动作 （仅限于少数及物动词）。
例句：Helen’s birthday party is being held tonight.
海伦的生日宴会将在今晚举行。
三、使用现在进行时的被动语态要注意的问题
①有些动词进行时的主动形式就可表示被动含义,常见的这些动词有：print, cook, fry, bake, burn, hang。
例句：The house is burning.
The meat is cooking.
②be+under/in/on+ n. 的结构可以表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。
例句：The problem is under discussion now.
=The problem is being discussed now.
③与部分情态动词连用，表示对现在正在发生的被动行为的推测。
例句：Sarah is not here. She must be being interviewed.
—Do you know what Jim is doing?
—He is ill. He may be being examined by the
doctor.
注意：助动词am/ is/ are和being缺一不可，并且不可以颠倒顺序。
本文如果对你有帮助，请点赞收藏《人教版高中英语必修第二册Unit2 Wildlife protection词汇语法》，同时在此感谢原作者。
