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I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
这句话中既包含了主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和同位语。
是不是很神奇呢？
你能分清哪些句子成分呢？
句子成分：
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
㈠主语 句子说明的人或事物
Janeis good at playing the piano. （名词）
Shewent out in a hurry. （代词）
Four plus four is eight. （数词）
To seeis to believe. （不定式）
Smoking is bad for health. （动名词）
The youngshould respect the old.（名词化的形容词）
What he has said is true. （句子）
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语： 由动词或动词词组组成
I sawthe flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词
He can speakEnglish well.
She doesn"t seemto like dancing
(三)宾语 动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
Show your passport, please. （名词）
She didn"t say anything. （代词）
How many do you want? - I wanttwo. （数词）
They sentthe injured to hospital. （名词化的形容词）
They askedto see my passport. （不定式）
I enjoyworking with you. （动名词）
Did you write down what he said? （句子）
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
He gave me（间接宾语）some books（直接宾语）.
please passme（间接宾语） the book（直接宾语）.
He bought his girlfriend（间接宾语）some flowers（直接宾语）.
（四）表语 在系动词后的部分就是表语
The war wasover.
They seemto know the truth.
Time is precious.
I" m not quite myselftoday.
That remainsa puzzle.
I don" t feelat ease.
补充说明：
1）状态系动词（be动词）
例如： He is a teacher.
（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）
2）持续系动词 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand
例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look,
例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste
例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。
注意：系动词不用于被动语态.
5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。
6）终止系动词prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意
例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
（五）定语 修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a cleverboy. (形容词）
His father works in asteel work. （名词）
There are54 students in our class. （数词）
Do you knownbetty’s sister? （名词所有格）
He bought some sleepingpills. （动名词）
There is a sleeping baby in bed. （现在分词）
His spokenlanguage is good. （过去分词）
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置。
The girl in redis his sister.
We have a lot of work to do.
The girl standing under the treeis his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now?
（六）状语
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
I will be backin a while.
They are playing on the playground.
He was latebecause he got up late.
He got up so late that I missed the train.
I waitedto see you.
He often went to school by bus.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
Please call meif it is necessary.
This book is veryinteresting.
He went to school in spite of his illness.
（七）宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
I found the bookinteresting.
Do you smell somethingburning?
He made himself known to them.
She asked meto lend her a hand.
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